• The developed method was used to quantify RBC

  2022-01-17

  

  The developed method was used to quantify RBC membrane transport of the anomers of three monofluorinated analogs of glucose in a modified medium designed to provide stable metabolic properties of the cells over the lifetime of the experiment. This allowed us to evaluate the specific interaction (spe

• Another key component of proper DA

  2022-01-17

  

  Another key component of proper DA cell physiology is the basal firing activity of SN DA neurons, which maintains extracellular levels of dopamine in the dorsal striatum that are essential for voluntary movement [106]. Changes in SN DA neuron activity directly impacts the amount of dopamine released

• How changes in APP processing by secretase

  2022-01-17

  

  How changes in APP processing by γ-secretase lead to AD is still not well understood. Deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide fragments of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles are the cellular hallmarks of AD (O’Brien and Wong,

• Gap junctions mediate electrical coupling between cells by

  2022-01-17

  

  Gap junctions mediate electrical coupling between cells by conducting direct ionic currents and thereby modulate their electrical activity (Hormuzdi et al., 2004). In the nervous system, electrical coupling organizes network activity by amplifying and synchronizing neuronal firing (Galarreta and Hes

• Prion diseases are transmissible and result in fatal neurode

  2022-01-17

  

  Prion diseases are transmissible and result in fatal neurodegenerative disorders, which, similar to AD, also involve the infiltration and activation of mononuclear phagocytes in TC-E 5003 lesions (reviewed in [61]). A 21 amino-acid fragment of the aberrant human prion protein, Prp106–126, can form

• A frequent complication of SIRS and sepsis

  2022-01-17

  

  A frequent complication of SIRS and sepsis is the development of increased airway resistance and lung inflammation [2], [3]. For example, Uhlig et al. [3] demonstrated that rat lungs exposed to endotoxin present increased airway resistance due to constriction of terminal Rose Bengal [3] Moreover, i

• Brain derived neurotrophic factor BDNF is the most

  2022-01-17

  

  Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant growth factor in the brain and is critical for neuronal development and synaptic plasticity (Bekinschtein et al., 2008; Lu et al., 2014). Besides playing an important role in mood and cognition, BDNF is also involved in the regulation of

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-01-15

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Type I ECa is associated with estrogen excess, obesity and hormone-receptor positivity. However, the function of ERα on ECa is considered complicated. The expression of ERα is reduced in grade III ECa clinical samples [13]. The high ERα expression is

• 4-Aminobutyric acid A revolution in cancer immunotherapy has

  2022-01-15

  

  A revolution in cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged with the development of novel immunomodulatory antibodies, classified as immunostimulatory agonist monoclonal 4-Aminobutyric acid (mAbs) or checkpoint blocking mAbs. CD40/CD40L, as an important costimulatory pathway, mediates a broad spectru

• The first suggestion that the

  2022-01-15

  

  The first suggestion that the Hh pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease was reported at the beginning of this millennium by Shackel et al. who noted that Patch and Gli were upregulated in their microarray analysis of liver tissues from patients with primary biliary ch

• Sonidegib is currently under investigation for the treatment

  2022-01-15

  

  Sonidegib is currently under investigation for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute leukemia (NCT01826214) [76]. All patients experienced at least 1 AE, including anemia, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, muscle spasms, decreased appetite, and blood creatine phosphokinase increased. The ongoing phas

• Cut proteins have five evolutionarily conserved domains

  2022-01-15

  

  Cut proteins have five evolutionarily conserved domains. These include a homeodomain, three Cut repeats, and a coiled coil structure. The cut repeats, called CR1, CR2, and CR3, are composed of 70 amino acids, and, along with the homeodomain, are each capable of binding DNA. Mammalian cut proteins fu

• br Conclusions and future perspectives br Declarations of

  2022-01-15

  

  Conclusions and future perspectives Declarations of interest Acknowledgements The authors thank Mrs. Kamala Pandey for the help in the preparation of this manuscript. This work was supported by NIH grants R01HL057531 and R01HL062147. Introduction Separation of short exons by long non-co

• Racemic protein crystallography has been proven

  2022-01-15

  

  Racemic protein crystallography has been proven to be a powerful technique for crystallizing proteins , , , , . The structures of many difficult-to-crystallize peptides/proteins of different sizes were resolved by the racemic protein crystallography combined with the protein chemical synthesis , , ,

• br Pathophysiology of glaucoma Glaucoma

  2022-01-15

  

  Pathophysiology of glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies defined by progressive degeneration of RGCs and their notch signaling in the optic nerve, which leads to irreversible loss of vision [3,8,9]. RGC degeneration is often significantly advanced before changes in visual acuity and

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