• To introduce in a simple

  2023-02-25

  

  To introduce in a simple way the variability in the concentration of the proteins involved in the process, and to consider possible stochastic effects due to possible finite sizes of the populations involved in the problem, the dynamics of each cell is studied using the Gillespie’s algorithm (Gilles

• APJ is mainly coupled to

  2023-02-25

  

  APJ is mainly coupled to PTX-sensitive Gi/o proteins [33], and thus, it is associated with the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and the activations of PI3K/Akt signaling and MAPKs signaling pathways [23], [54], [55], [56]. In a previous study, apelin stimulations of the PI3K/Akt and/or the MAPK pathwa

• Intracellular Signaling Cascades From ligand sensitization t

  2023-02-25

  

  Intracellular Signaling Cascades. From ligand sensitization to translation of genes, all cellular processes are dependent on the intracellular levels and activity of partners involved in the signaling pathway. These signaling events lead to critical post-translational modifications including phospho

• Because of the critical roles

  2023-02-25

  

  Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in energy sensing and cancer cell survival, a huge number of drugs have been proposed to exert their pharmacological effects by means of AMPK activation (Kim and He, 2013). For example, metformin has been shown to activate AMPK in muscle (Sajan et al., 20

• br Competing interests br Acknowledgments This research was

  2023-02-25

  

  Competing interests Acknowledgments This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2014R1A4A1071040). Introduction Mitochondria occupy an important position as mediators of

• br Conclusion br Conflict of interest br Introduction Oral

  2023-02-25

  

  Conclusion Conflict of interest Introduction Oral cancer may originate from lips, lower and upper alveolar ridges, hard palate, sublingual region, buccal mucosa, anterior two-thirds of the tongue as well as retromolar trigone and floor of the mouth (World Health Organization, 2013). As the

• AMPK is a serine threonine

  2023-02-25

  

  AMPK is a serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a catalytic α subunit with the activating phosphorylation site (Thr172) and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. The two AMPK variants, α1 and α2, show different cellular localization in mammalian cells. AMPKα2 is detected in nuclear and non-nuclear

• Though we have proved that

  2023-02-25

  

  Though, we have proved that VA could suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, the mechanisms of VA on gluconeogenesis in vivo and in vitro remain unclear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is called an energy receptor enzyme, is widely expressed in liver and other tissues [23]. AMPK has become ano

• We have previously reported alterations of the thymus in

  2023-02-25

  

  We have previously reported alterations of the thymus in AChR-MG patients, especially in their germinal center etomoxir synthesis (defined as CD19+CD38+ cells by flow cytometric analysis). First, we found that, in MG thymi, this subset failed to show the normal down-regulation of Bcl-2, suggesting

• In this study an in vitro

  2023-02-25

  

  In this study, an in vitro AChE inhibition assay combined with UF-HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS method was developed for rapid screening and identification of AChEI from the roots of C. chinensis Franch. Five compounds was found with AChE inhibitory activity and identified by the on-line DAD-ESI-Q-TOF/MS compar

• During myeloid cell maturation expression of LO

  2023-02-25

  

  During myeloid cell maturation, expression of 5-LO mRNA and protein is strongly induced (60–130-fold) by calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) [6,7]. The upregulation of 5-LO mRNA transcription is mainly due to transcript elongation and mRNA maturation [8,9]. Interestingly

• Receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is a member of the

  2023-02-25

  

  Receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is a member of the TAM (Tyro3/Axl/Mer) family, and has reported been associated with a spectrum of human cancers [8]. Numerous studies have revealed that the oncogenic potential of Axl is attributed to the anti-apoptotic and proliferative signaling pathways triggered by

• Regarding brain tumors AXL has been implicated in gliomagene

  2023-02-25

  

  Regarding AM1241 tumors, AXL has been implicated in gliomagenesis and chemoresistance [39]. Previous investigations found that AXL is constitutively phosphorylated in many glioma cell lines, murine xenograft tumors and primary patient tumor samples [40]. Immunohistochemical analysis of AXL and Gas6

• br Materials and methods br Results To explore the potential

  2023-02-25

  

  Materials and methods Results To explore the potential role of autophagy in drug resistance, we firstly performed immunohistochemistry to compare the Fmoc-Cl australia of p62 in paired primary, metastatic, and recurrent tumor tissues from 26 ovarian cancer patients. The expression of p62 was

• In addition to drawing attention

  2023-02-25

  

  In addition to drawing attention to Ser454 of ACL as a phosphosite that is regulated by both BDK and PPM1K, our phospho-proteomics screen identified several additional sites in other proteins. For example, Ser25, Ser29, and Ser79 of the lipogenic enzyme acetyl-coA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) were found to

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